Good ways to analyze a running c-program?

I would like to analyze my running c-program.

What I would like to know for example is the range of the entire
address space of my running c-program (memory reserved for/by the
running program), starting address and sizes of text (code), stack,
heap, bss, constant data, linked in libraries, etc.

What are some good ways to extract this kind of information?

What (free) tools are the most common ones for displaying this kind of
information?

The main reason for this analysis is that I want to understand exactly
how my c-source code transforms to a running program and what memory
regions the program uses and for what the memory regions are used. An
example could be for example that I wanted to display all the constant
data (variables declared with the const modifier) of the running
program, is that possible?

BR!

.

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