Re: Making money from Java

Can we do Bill a favour, and at his request switch this to an "OT" ? Having personally started "Making Money from Java" - all I got was (1) from Donald - Sun Microsystems sue the rest of the world and (2) some useful URLs from Stephen Gennard :-)

Now a bottom posting :-

Chuck Stevens wrote:
"Richard" <riplin@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message news:1134588070.599409.158760@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


You are mistaken. While the first Popes were assigned (by the Roman
Emperor) to have control over the roman church of the time


At the time of Constantine's establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, there was but one organized church (with the occasional heretic group).


there has
been considerable diversity since then,


Two big splits: the schism of 1054, in which Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael 1 excommunicated each other, and the Protestant Reformation begun with Luther. The question is whether you regard the doctrinal differences between, say, Mennonites and Amish, or "high-church" Lutherans and Anglicans, as being significant.

A side note: I was taught before Vatican II that the Roman Catholic Church accepts (begrudgingly) that the Church of England (and by extension some Episcopalian groups in the US), some Lutheran groups, and so far as I know all of Orthodoxy has *retained* the apostolic succession and thus the sacraments performed by those clergy that are within that "bloodline" are entirely valid.

-Chuck Stevens 

Yep I recognize Chuck's word 'begrudgingly' - depends who taught him.

So the priesthood in Catholicism, "Once a priest always a priest". A seminarian studies and as a deacon in due course will prostrate himself in front of an altar before a bishop. The ritual involves the 'laying of hands' or passing on of the Holy Spirit - the deacon is now a consecrated priest.

The Seven Sacraments, (of Catholicism) are Baptism, Penance/Confession, Holy Eucharist/Communion, Confirmation, Matrimony, Holy Orders and Extreme Unction; the latter being a ritual of anointing a dying person with oils - which you sometimes see in war movies where a chaplain is praying with a dying soldier. Priesthood comes in as #6, Holy Orders.

So back to Chuck's comments - and let's just stick with Merrie Old Tudor England. The hierarchy, bishops, priests etc., were all ordained Catholic priests. So when there was the split with Rome and Thomas Cranmer was made Archbishop of Canterbury he automatically qualified as being an ordained Catholic priest - "Once a priest, always a priest". Therefore he was able to logically pass on the priesthood to fellow Protestants.

The idea didn't sit well with a lot of catholic clergy, nor for that matter some of the Anglican clergy. However today any open-minded catholic theologian would admit to the principle. Similarly, many knowledgeable Anglican clerics are aware of the same loophole.

Jimmy
.

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