Re: Fortran write(print) problem
Ron Shepard wrote:
(snip with history of ASA, ANSI, and such)
Fortran was originally designed to be consistent with the standard
ASA conventions for printed files and to be independent of the
underlying character set representation. That meant that list
directed formatting was required to begin each line with a space
(just in case it were to be printed on an ASA printer). This is
also why many fortran programs routinely insert spaces at the
beginning of even lines printed with explicit formats (e.g. formats
begin with 1x, or 1H , or ' ', or otherwise ensure that there will
be a blank space at the beginning). Unix and C were developed after
1969, so they broke with standards compliance and used the idea of
embedded control characters using the ASCII character set. Over
time, that convention (with some ambiguity about exactly how lines
are terminated, CR, CR+LF, or LF) replaced the ASA format first as
the de facto standard, and later as the actual standard (e.g. for
FTP file transfers and other contexts).
That, and the transition from line at a time printers, such as
chain, train, and drum printers, to character at a time printers
or printers connected up through a serial line. (The DECwriter
and daisy wheel printers were popular hard copy output devices
for some years.)
To an IBM 1403 printer, CR and LF are just like any other
character that can be printed in a given column, though usually
they don't print anything. (I have done it before, as character
constants in Fortran programs.)
Mostly for compatibility reasons, i.e. historical reasons, modern
fortran standards have continued to require the space at the
beginning of each line in list directed output.
-- glen
.
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