comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions

From: Remko Troncon (remko.troncon_at_cs.kuleuven.ac.be)
Date: 10/02/04

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    Archive-name: prolog/faq
    Original-by: jamie at cs.sfu.ca (Jamie Andrews)
    URL: http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~remko/prolog/faq/
    Posting-frequency: twice a month
    Last-modified: 2004-06-16
    Last-changes:
            New edition of 'Programming in Prolog'. Removed dead link to Herve
            Touati's WAM emulator.

    Frequently Asked Questions - comp.lang.prolog

    Remko Troncon (Jan. 6 2002 - ... )

    Dirk-Jan Faber (Feb. 1 1999 - Jan. 6 2002)

    Jamie Andrews (Aug 26 1992 - Oct. 16 1997)
         _________________________________________________________________

         General Information: This article contains the answers to some
         Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) often seen in
         news://comp.lang.prolog/. It is posted (twice a month, currently on
         the 2nd and 16th) to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
         provide hard-to-find information of general interest.

         The World Wide Web URL for this FAQ is:
         http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~remko/prolog/faq/

         Questions about the FAQ and updates ought to be submitted to
         <remko.troncon@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>.

       1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?
       2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or
              other)?

       3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems available
              for a price from research institutions?

       4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
              representative, or technical support line?

       5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?
       6. What are the recent developments?
       7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?
       8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?
       9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?
       10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
              information about it?

       11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I write a
              WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?

       12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?
       13. Can do I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?
       14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on prolog?

       1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?

       To keep up with the current state of logic programming technology,
       readers can join the Association for Logic Programming (ALP) and
       receive their Newsletter. For details on how to join or send in
       contributions, check http://www.cwi.nl/projects/alp/ or contact

               Sandro Etalle <etalle@cs.utwente.nl>

       The Prolog Resource Guide (v0.6) was printed in issue 5/1 of the
       Newsletter (Feb. 1992). This lists information concerning Prolog
       Archives, Books, Suppliers, etc. It is now maintained by Mark
       Kantrowitz (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and used to be
       posted periodically to news://comp.lang.prolog.

       2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or
       other)?

       The following are anonymous-FTP sites for free Prologs (or related
       languages) which are either in the public domain or are "copy-lefted"
       (permitted to be copied with some restrictions on commercial use).

       (Please note that for extensive development work, users will probably
       want a robust interpreter or compiler with good debugging facilities
       and a standard syntax, among other things. While public-domain systems
       are a valuable service to the community, they do not necessarily have
       all these things, and users should weigh carefully what they want to
       do against the capabilities and costs of the available systems.)

       ALF (Albgebraic Logic Functional language)

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: Unknown
              + E-mail: Rudolf Opalla
                <opalla@julien.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
              + Info: WAM-based language with narrowing/rewriting

       Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server

              + Platforms: Window, Linux and Solaris
              + Available: http://www.amzi.com/download/
              + E-mail: <info@amzi.com>
              + Info: Registration is compulsory, except for the Free
                Academic/Personal/Evaluation License.

       Aquarius Prolog 1.0

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
              + Info: High performance, commercial functionality except
                debugging and modules.

       Argo Prolog v.1.1

              + Platforms: Solaris 1.x and HP-UX 9.x
              + Available: Unknown
              + Contact: Takao Doi <doi@csk.co.jp>

       Arity/Prolog32

              + Platforms: Win32
              + Available: http://www.arity.com/www.pl/products/ap.htm
              + Info: Arity/Prolog32 provides a complete Prolog programming
                environment in which you can write, debug, and run Prolog
                programs in 32-bit Windows environments (95/98/NT/2000).
                Arity/Prolog32 is a powerful, highly optimized, and extended
                version of the logic programming language Prolog.
                Arity/Prolog32 is a complete compiler and interpreter written
                in Prolog, C, and Assembly language and is a superset of
                Clocksin and Mellish Prolog.

       B-Prolog 4.0

              + Platforms: Win32, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux
              + Available: http://www.probp.com/
              + E-mail: Neng-Fa Zhou <support@probp.com>
              + Info: Freely available for non-commercial use. For other use
                a license is needed.

       BinProlog 7.0

              + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT, Linux and all major Unix
                platforms.
              + Available: http://www.binnetcorp.com/BinProlog/
              + E-mail: Paul Tarau <binnetcorp@binnetcorp.com>
              + Info: Download free evaluation copies and see online demos.
                Inexpensive Educational licensing available.Has built-in
                networking, multi-threading, mobile code and distributed
                blackboards. Supports BinNet Internet Programming Tool kit
                (see http://www.binnetcorp.com/Internet).

       Brain Aid Prolog (BAP) v1.4

              + Platforms: Transputer systems
              + Available:
                http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/~ost/private.html
              + Info: BAP is a parallel prolog system for Transputer systems.
                Available under a Berkely style of copyright.

       Ciao 1.4

              + Platforms: Linux, Win32 (95/98/NT), Solaris, SunOS, UNIX in
                general.
              + Available: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao
              + E-mail: Developers <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>, Users
                <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
              + Info: Next generation LP/CLP system. Commercial
                functionality, but freely available w/source. ISO-Prolog +
                modules, networking, multi-threading, clp(r), clp(q),
                interfaces (Java, C, tcltk, WWW, databases/ODBC, ...),
                functions, higher-order, records, persistence, objects,
                assertions (types, modes, ...), source debugger,
                auto-documenter, static debugger, and more.

       clp(FD)

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: anonymous FTP from
                ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/Projects/ChLoE/LOGIC_PROGRAMMING/clp
                _fd
              + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
              + Info: Constraint logic programming over finite domains.
                Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.

       clp(FD,S)

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available:
                http://contraintes.inria.fr/~georget/software/clp_fds/clp_fds
                .html
              + Contact: Yan Georget <Yan.Georget@inria.fr>
              + Info: Requires GNU C (gcc) version 2.4.5. or higher.

       CLP(R)

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: E-mail request from Joxan Jaffar
                <joxan@watson.ibm.com>.
              + Info: Constraint logic programming language, for academic and
                research purposes only.

       ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System, subsuming Prolog.

              + Platforms: Solaris, Linux, Linux/Alpha, MacOS X, Windows
              + Available: http://www.icparc.ic.ac.uk/eclipse/
              + Info: License required, but free for research and educational
                purposes.

       GNU Prolog

              + Platforms: Many Unixes, Windows, MacOS X
              + Available: http://gnu-prolog.inria.fr/
              + E-mail: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>

       Jinni 2.27

              + Platforms: Java-based
              + Available: http://www.binnetcorp.com/Jinni
              + Info: Multi-threaded, Java based Prolog interpreter with
                built-in networking, distributed blackboards and mobile code
                (inexpensive shareware licensing available).

       JIProlog

              + Platforms: Java-based
              + Available: http://www.ugosweb.com/jiprolog
              + Info: Java Internet Prolog is a cross-platform pure Java 100%
                prolog interpreter that supplies Java world with the power of
                prolog language and provides prolog language with a
                technology to implement new predicates in Java.

       KLIC

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: Anonymous FTP from
                ftp://ftp.icot.or.jp/ifs/symbolic-proc/unix/klic/klic.tgz.
              + Info: ICOT Free Software. Concurrent logic programming.
                Tested on Sparcs, DEC 7000, Gateway P5-60.
              + Contact: <ifs@icot.or.jp>

       Logtalk 2.11.0

              + Platforms: Any Operating System running a Prolog Compiler
              + Available: http://www.logtalk.org
              + E-mail: Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
              + Info: Open source object-oriented extension to Prolog
                compatible with most Prolog compilers.

       LPA Win-Prolog, demo version

              + Platforms: Windows
              + Available: Available from http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm

       MINERVA

              + Platforms: Java
              + Available: Available from http://www.ifcomputer.co.jp/MINERVA
              + Info: Proprietory commercial ISO-Prolog Compiler in 100% Java
                support for web programming, XML, servlets, applets,
                standalones. Free evaluation license.

       Modular SB-Prolog (= SB-Prolog version 3.1 plus modules)

              + Platforms: SPARC, DECstation, MIPS, HP 9000 series, Sun 3.
              + Available: Anonymous FTP from ftp://ftp.dcs.ed.ac.uk/
              + Info: Copy-lefted.

       Newt Prolog

              + Platforms: Apple MessagePad Newton
              + Available: Currently only beta version available; download
                and more information on http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/~jlv
              + E-mail: <jlv@cfht.hawaii.edu>

       Open Prolog

              + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
              + Available: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
              + E-mail: <brady@cs.tcd.ie>. (Michael Brady).

       Poplog Prolog

              + Platforms: Various Unixes, including Sun, Dec Alpha, HP and
                many others. Also a Win32 version is available. Sources
                available for other combinations.
              + Available: At the Free Poplog Web/FTP site, including full
                sources
                http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
                Mirror sites at http://www.poplog.org/resources/dist/new/
              + E-mail: queries may be posted to news://comp.lang.pop/, or to
                <pop-forum@cs.bham.ac.uk> or <A.Sloman@cs.bham.ac.uk> (Last
                resort!)
              + Info: Robust incremental compiler, part of the multi-language
                Poplog system (including Common Lisp, Pop-11 and Standard
                ML). Unix, Linux & VMS versions include full support for X
                window facilities/Motif. More information at
                http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
                Licence modelled on XFree86. Can be freely distributed,
                though copyright is owned by Sussex University and ISL.

       PIE2

              + Platforms: Unknown
              + Available: On CompuServe in the AIEXPERT forum, interpreter
                and examples in PIE2.ZIP, documentation in PIEDOC.ZIP.
              + E-mail: Brent Ruggles <ruggles@shell.com>

       QuProlog

              + Platforms: UNIX, Linux, beta for MAC
              + Available:
                http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
              + E-mail: <pjr@itee.uq.edu.au>
              + Info: Extended WAM with support for quantifiers and
                substitutions, multi-threaded, high-level communication.

       Strawberry Prolog

              + Platforms: Windows 95/NT, plans for UNIX and Macintosh
              + Available: http://www.dobrev.com/
              + E-mail: <dimiter@dobrev.com>

       SWI Prolog

              + Platforms: Binaries for Linux, Windows (95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP)
                and MacOS X (darwin). Sources: ANSI-C, both 32 and 64-bit
                machines, compiles on almost all Unix systems, BeOS and more.
              + Available: http://www.swi-prolog.org,
                ftp://ftp.swi.psy.uva.nl/SWI-Prolog,
                ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/programming/languages/prolog/sw
                i-prolog/
              + Info: Complete, ISO and Edinburgh standard, common
                optimizations, GC including atoms. Portable graphics,
                source-level debugger, advanced syntax colouring.
              + License: LGPL

       Trinc-Prolog

              + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT 4.0, plans for Windows 2000,
                Linux and Sun Solaris
              + Available: http://www.trinc-prolog.com/
              + E-mail: <info@trinc-prolog.com>

       UPMAIL Tricia Prolog

              + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
              + Available: Anonymous FTP from ftp://ftp.csd.uu.se/pub/Tricia;
                get README first.
              + Info: UPMAIL is still available, but unsupported.

       Visual Prolog

              + Platforms: Win32
              + Available: http://www.visual-prolog.com
              + Info: Includes all the facilities necessary to write mission
                critical commercial-grade applications. Fully visual
                development environment. Open architecture. Object-oriented.
                Built-in database system and ODBC support. Visual Prolog
                Personal Edition is available on a freeware license.

       wamcc

              + Platforms: UNIX
              + Available: Anonymous FTP from
                ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/Projects/ChLoE/LOGIC_PROGRAMMING/wam
                cc
              + Info: Compiler which translates Prolog to C via WAM.
                Debuggers. Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
              + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>

       XGP

              + Platforms: Apple Macintosh OS X, 10.2.3+
              + Available: http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
              + Info: XGP is an open source (GPL) integrated development
                environment with user interface and graphics support based on
                gprolog and Cocoa under Macintosh OS X.

       XSB

              + Platforms: Many, including SunOS, Linux and Windows
              + Available: http://xsb.sourceforge.net/
              + E-mail: <xsb-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
              + Info: system with SLG-resolution, HiLog syntax, and
                unification factoring.

       Yap 4.2.0

              + Platforms: UNIX-based platforms and Windows
              + Available: http://www.ncc.up.pt/~vsc/Yap/
              + E-mail: Vitor Santos Costa <vsc@ncc.up.pt>
              + Info: Yap is entirely written in C and Prolog and should be
                portable to most 32-bit and 64-bit Unix based platforms. A
                Windows port is also available. Yap4.2 is distributed under
                Perl's artistic license and can be freely distributed.

       3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems available
       for a price from research institutions?

       Many commercial systems are listed in the Prolog Resource Guide. The
       Resource Guide also lists many systems which are not exactly
       "commercial", but available for a price from research instutitions.
       The list of such systems was originally compiled by Chris Moss, of
       Imperial College. The rest of the Resource Guide was originally
       compiled by Dag Wahlberg, of Uppsala University.

       The Prolog Resource Guide hasn't been updated lately, but nevertheless
       still contains some valuable information. It can be found at
       http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/prolog/prg/top.html.

       4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
       representative, or technical support line?

       Here are some e-mail addresses of these contacts, listed
       alphabetically by company or major product name.

       ALS (Applied Logic Systems)

              + Information: <info@als.com>
              + Sales: <sales@als.com>
              + Tech support:<support@als.com>

       Amzi! inc.

              + Web site: http://www.amzi.com
              + Information: <info@amzi.com>
              + Sales: <sales@amzi.com>
              + Support: <support@amzi.com>

       Arity/Prolog32

              + Web site: http://www.arity.com/www.pl/products/ap.htm

       BinNet Corporation

              + Web site: http://www.binnetcorp.com
              + Information: <info@binnetcorp.com>
              + Sales: <sales@binnetcorp.com>
              + Tech support:<support@binnetcorp.com>

       Ciao, PiLLoW, WebDB, etc.

              + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
              + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
              + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
              + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>

       COSYTEC (CHIP V5)

              + Web site: http://www.cosytec.com
              + Information: <info@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
              + Tech Support: <support@cosytec.com> (or .fr)

       ECLiPSe and Sepia

              + Web site: http://www.icparc.ic.ac.uk/eclipse
              + Users' group: <eclipse-users@icparc.ic.ac.uk>
              + Information: <eclipse-request@icparc.ic.ac.uk>
              + Tech support: <eclipse-bugs@icparc.ic.ac.uk>

       Expert Systems Ltd. (Prolog-2)

              + Sales: <sales@expert.demon.co.uk>
              + Support: <support@expert.demon.co.uk>
              + Users' group: <prolog2-request@hplb.hpl.hp.com>

       GNU Prolog

              + Web site: http://gnu-prolog.inria.fr/
              + Users' group: <users-prolog-request@gnu.org>
              + Bug reports: <bug-prolog@gnu.org>

       LPA

              + Web site: http://www.lpa.co.uk/
              + Sales: <sales@lpa.co.uk>
              + Tech support: <support@lpa.co.uk>

       MasterProLog

              + Formerly BIM ProLog
              + Web site: http://www.itmasters.com/Products/MP/

       PDC Prolog

              + PDC Prolog is the succesor to Turbo Prolog and the
                predecessor to Visual Prolog.

       ProLog by BIM

              + Currently MasterProLog

       Quintus

              + Users' group: <quintus-users-request@sics.se>
              + Sales: <qpsales@sics.se>
              + Tech support: <qpsupport@sics.se>

       SICStus

              + Users' group: <sicstus-users-request@sics.se>
              + Sales: <sicstus-request@sics.se>
              + Tech support: <sicstus-support@sics.se>

       Trinc / Trinc-Prolog

              + Information: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
              + Sales: <sales@trinc-prolog.com>
              + Support: <support@trinc-prolog.com>

       Turbo Prolog

              + Turbo Prolog is the predecessor of PDC Prolog (see above).

       Visual Prolog

              + Web site: http://www.visual-prolog.com/
              + Information: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
              + Sales: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
              + Tech support:<support@pdc.dk> (or
                <support@visual-prolog.com>)

       5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?

       These debates rarely result in any productive discussion. To some
       extent, one's favourite language is based on irrational ideology.

       However, many people now agree that different languages are good for
       different things. Prolog seems to be good for problems in which logic
       is intimately involved, or whose solutions have a succinct logical
       characterization. Like other interactive, symbolic languages, Prolog
       is also good for rapid prototyping.

       Also, please note that there are many different "Prologs" and other
       logic programming languages available, all with different
       capabilities.

       6. What are the recent developments?

       There are some languages in development which do not have Prolog
       syntax, but do subsume and generalize Prolog's logic programming
       abilities.

       The Mozart Consortium:

              + Web site: http://www.mozart-oz.org/
              + Users' group: <users-request@mozart-oz.org>
              + Tech support: <users@mozart-oz.org>

       Mercury

              + Web site: http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/research/mercury/

       Some other languages bring new developments while also supporting
       Prolog syntax and functionality as an option:

       Ciao:

              + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
              + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
              + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
              + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>

       7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?

       If your instructor assigned it to you, he or she probably wanted you
       to do it yourself. If it's an introductory Prolog course, your
       question might be elementary to most readers, so it might be a waste
       of network resources to ask it. Please ask your instructor, a friend,
       a teaching assistant, or a local newsgroup for help first.

       That being said, there are news://comp.lang.prolog/ readers who would
       be glad to help people making a legitimate attempt to learn Prolog.

       8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?

       The Prolog Resource Guide (see above, question 3) contains a listing
       of Prolog books. It is maintained by Mark Kantrowitz
       (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and posted periodically on
       news://comp.lang.prolog.

       Here are some of the most popular books on Prolog.

       Introductory

              + "Programming In Prolog". William F. Clocksin and Christopher
                S. Mellish. Springer-Verlag, 2003 (5th ed).
              + "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence". Ivan
                Bratko. Addison-Wesley, 2001 (3rd ed).

       Advanced

              + "The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques". Leon
                Sterling and Ehud Shapiro. MIT Press, 1994 (2nd ed).
              + "The Craft of Prolog". Richard A. O'Keefe. MIT Press, 1990.

       Logic programming theory

              + "Foundations of Logic Programming". John Lloyd.
                Springer-Verlag, 1988 (2nd ed).
              + "Logic, Programming and Prolog". Ulf Nilsson and Jan
                Maluszynski. Originally published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
                (2nd ed. 1995) but now available without charge from
                http://www.ida.liu.se/~ulfni/lpp

       Expert Systems

              + "Building Expert Systems in Prolog". Dennis Merritt.
                Springer-Verlag, 1989. HTML & PDF versions available from
                http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog

       9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?

       Yes, there are: Google Groups has archives of
       news://comp.lang.prolog/. They can be found at
       http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.lang.prolog

       10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
       information about it?

       The standard is described in "Prolog: The Standard (Reference
       manual)", P. Deransart, A. Ed-Dbali, L. Cervoni, Springer Verlag
       (1996). Extra information can be found on
       http://pauillac.inria.fr/~deransar/prolog/docs.html

       http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/p
       rolog/doc/standard/ contains the December 1991 draft, the March 1993
       draft, Richard O'Keefe's 1984 Prolog standard draft, and Michael
       Covington's summary of the standard. Note that no one at that site can
       answer any questions about the standard; it is just an FTP site for
       the standard in the USA.

       For more information about the ISO Prolog standard, contact:

             Roger Scowen
             ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG17 (Prolog) convener,
             DITC/93, National Physical Laboratory
             TEDDINGTON, Middlesex TW11 0LW
             UNITED KINGDOM
             Tel: +44 81 943 6956
             Fax: +44 81 977 7091
             E-mail: <rss@seg.npl.co.uk>

       11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I write a
       WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?

       Reportedly the best tutorial is Hassan Ait-Kaci's book "Warren's
       Abstract Machine: A Tutorial Reconstruction" (MIT Press, 1991).The
       book is now OP, but available online at
       http://www.vanx.org/archive/wam/wam.html.

       12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?

       Yes, there is one by Jonathan Bowen; the URL is
       http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/. He invites us to mail him at
       <jonathan.bowen@sbu.ac.uk> with any relevant information for
       inclusion.

       13. Can do I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?

       Prolog is very suitable for this task. Several commercial and free
       implementations include special support for it. A page specifically on
       this topic (including some tutorials) is maintained at
       http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html A public-domain library
       exists (PiLLoW) for several popular Prolog systems which helps in the
       task. See: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/

       14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on prolog?

       Beginner level:

              + Adventure in Prolog:
                http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
              + On-line guide to Prolog Programming:
                http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
              + Prolog Programming, A First Course:
                http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
              + Learn Prolog Now!:
                http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~kris/prolog-course/
              + Programmierkurs Prolog:
                http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/cl/projects/indigen/prolog/ (In
                German)

       Intermediate to advanced level:

              + http://www.intranet.csupomona.edu/~jrfisher/www/prolog_tutori
                al/pt_framer.html
         _________________________________________________________________

    A. Acknowledgements

    Thank you to all the people who helped put together the first version of
    this FAQ, and everyone who has contributed to it over the years. Special
    thanks to John Dowding for suggesting a good format for the list, and to
    Chris Moss, Dag Wahlberg, and Mark Kantrowitz for their work on the Prolog
    Resource Guide.

    Special thanks to Jamie Andrews and Dirk-Jan Faber, who have been
    maintaining and posting the FAQ in the past.


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